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| 渭北旱地冬小麦监控施肥试验研究初报 |
| A Preliminary Study on Fertilization Technique for Winter Wheat in Weibei Dryland |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 冬小麦 监控施肥 试验研究 初探 |
| 英文关键词:Winter wheat Monitored fertilization Field experiment Preliminary study |
| 基金项目:陕西省自然科学基础研究计划重点项目（2021JZ-55）；国家自然科学基金（41967013）；榆林市科技局产学研合作项目（CXY-2022-70）；榆林学院2023年研究生创新基金项目（2023YLYCX21)；中央引导地方科技发展基金陕西省工程技术研究中心项目（20227Y2-GCZX-05）；陕西省农业农村厅科技创新驱动项目（2022NYT01）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 为解决农户小麦施肥量高且盲目的问题，2019年秋播到2024年收获，连续5年在渭北旱地岐山县开展旱地冬小麦田间肥效试验，试验设农户施肥、监控施肥和监控无氮3个处理，从小麦播种出苗到成熟收获，对不同处理开展调查及产量构成因素分析。结果表明：与农户施肥相比，监控施肥处理年均减少肥料投入量氮肥26.7%、磷肥33.3%和钾肥37.1%，减肥的同时维持了较高的冬小麦籽粒产量，提高了氮、磷、钾肥偏生产力和经济收益,促进了土壤有机质和磷钾养分的增加,降低了0~100 cm硝态氮残留，对保护和提升耕地地力意义重大，监控施肥技术适宜在渭北旱地冬小麦上大力推广应用。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| To address the problem of excessive and unscientific fertilizer application by local farmers, a five-year on-site fertilization efficiency trial was conducted in Qishan County, a dryland area in the Weibei region, from autumn 2019 to the 2024 harvest. Three treatments were set up: farmer fertilization, monitored fertilization, and monitored fertilization without nitrogen. Winter wheat growth was tracked from sowing and emergence to maturity and harvest, with analyses conducted on treatment performance and yield components. The results showed that, compared with farmer fertilization, monitored fertilization reduced the average application of nitrogen by 26.7%, phosphorus by 33.3%, and potassium by 37.1%, while maintaining a high grain yield. This approach significantly improved the partial productivity of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, enhanced economic returns, increased soil organic matter and available phosphorus and potassium, and reduced residual nitrate nitrogen in the 0~100 cm soil layer. These studies demonstrate that monitored fertilization plays a important role in preserving and enhancing farmland fertility and is therefore highly suitable for wider application in dryland winter wheat cultivation in the Weibei region. |
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