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| 氮肥对小麦产量及品质的效应 |
| Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Wheat |
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| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 小麦 施肥 产量 品质 |
| 英文关键词:Wheat Fertilization Yield Quality |
| 基金项目:2019年中央财政农业生产发展资金（20190404）。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 在山东东营选择当地主推品种烟农1212，在平衡施肥基础上，研究了不同氮肥用量对其产量和品质的效应，以期丰富该品种的栽培管理技术。结果表明：氮肥可显著提高小麦产量，增产5.5%～12.5%；成穗数增加7.3%～17.0%，穗粒数增加3.5%～8.0%，对千粒重影响不大。氮肥可增加小麦株高3.8～6.6 cm，不孕小穗数显著降低21.1%～55.8%；但对穗长、小穗数及每个小穗结实粒数没有显著影响。氮肥可显著促进个体生长发育进程，叶龄较对照增加0.4～1.3，单株次生根增加1.0～2.4条，单株分蘖数增加 0.7～3.4个，单株II级分蘖较I级分蘖多44.4%～55.5%。氮肥可提高小麦籽粒蛋白质含量2.8%和湿面筋含量13.4%；籽粒硬度、稳定时间、最大拉升面积、最大拉升阻力和延展性分别较对照提高5.1%、21.8%、11.2%、3.3%和3.9%；对籽粒容重、沉降值和吸水率没有显著影响。综合分析，当地适宜肥料用量为纯氮225 kg/hm2，磷肥（P2O5）120 kg/hm2，钾肥施（K2O）90 kg/hm2。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Mainly-planted wheat variety Yannong 1212 in Dongying of Shandong was selected to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on yield and quality based on balanced fertilization, which is expected to enrich its cultivation and management techniques. The results showed that different nitrogen levels could significantly increase wheat yield by 5.5%~12.5%. The number of panicle was increased by 7.3%~17.0% and the number of wheat per panicle was increased by 3.5%~8.0%. Nitrogen fertilizer could increase wheat plant height 3.8-6.6cm and significantly reduce the number of sterile spikelets by 21.1%~55.8%. But there was no significant effect on spike length, spikelet number and wheat number per spikelet. Nitrogen fertilizer significantly promoted individual growth and development process, leaf age was increased by 0.4~1.3, secondary roots were increased by 1.0~2.4 per plant, tiller number was increased by 0.7~3.4 per plant, and tiller number of grade II per plant was increased by 44.4%~55.5% compared with that of grade I. The protein content and wet gluten content of wheat grains were increased by 2.8% and 13.4%, respectively. Grain hardness, stability time, maximum elongation area, maximum elongation resistance and ductility were significantly increased by 5.1%, 21.8%, 11.2%, 3.3% and 3.9% compared with the control, respectively. It had no significant effect on grain bulk density, settlement value and water absorption. Comprehensive analysis showed that the suitable fertilizer dosage was 225 kg/hm2 of pure nitrogen, 120 kg/hm2 of phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) and 90 kg/hm2 of potassium fertilizer (K2O) |
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